所謂鈑金加工，其實(shí)指的是一種對(duì)不同金屬材料所采用的一種加工方法，使其滿足使用要求。一般在進(jìn)行鈑金加工的時(shí)候，針對(duì)于薄板、薄壁型材和薄壁管材等金屬毛料施以一定的作用力，使其發(fā)生塑性變形或剪斷，從而成為具有預(yù)期形狀和性能的零件。

The so-called sheet metal processing actually refers to a processing method used for different metal materials to meet their usage requirements. Generally, during sheet metal processing, a certain force is applied to metal blanks such as thin plates, thin-walled profiles, and thin-walled pipes to cause plastic deformation or shearing, resulting in parts with expected shape and performance.

具體來(lái)講，一般采用鈑金加工工藝所制得的零件具有這樣的性能特點(diǎn)：尺寸大、剛度小、外形復(fù)雜。目前鈑金加工零件主要可以分為三種類型：種就是具有氣動(dòng)力外形的零件，主要包括有飛機(jī)機(jī)身、機(jī)翼、尾翼和進(jìn)氣道的蒙皮，導(dǎo)彈彈身、舵面的蒙皮，火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的燃燒室和噴管等。

Specifically, parts produced using sheet metal processing technology generally have the following performance characteristics: large size, small stiffness, and complex shape. At present, sheet metal processing parts can be mainly divided into three types: one is parts with aerodynamic shapes, mainly including the skin of aircraft fuselage, wings, tail wings, and intake ducts, missile body, control surface skin, rocket engine combustion chamber and nozzle, etc.

鈑金加工零件則主要指的是一些骨架零件，比如縱向、橫向和斜向構(gòu)件，如梁、桁條、隔框、翼肋等。第三種則指的是一些內(nèi)裝零件，比如燃料、操縱、通信等系統(tǒng)以及生活服務(wù)設(shè)施中的各種鈑金加工件，如油箱、各種導(dǎo)管、支架、座椅等。這些不同的零件在制作的過(guò)程中所采用的加工工藝方法也是不同的。

Sheet metal processing parts mainly refer to some skeleton parts, such as longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal components, such as beams, trusses, diaphragms, wing ribs, etc. The third type refers to some internal components, such as fuel, control, communication systems, and various sheet metal processing parts in daily service facilities, such as fuel tanks, various conduits, brackets, seats, etc. The processing methods used in the production process of these different parts are also different.

事實(shí)上，現(xiàn)如今鈑金加工一些零部件的時(shí)候，不僅會(huì)應(yīng)用到機(jī)械制造中通用的各種冷沖壓方法，同時(shí)還會(huì)采用一些其他的成形方法。比如橡皮液壓成形，主要指的是向裝于容框中的橡皮胎內(nèi)充高壓液體，使之膨脹，從而推動(dòng)毛料按照模胎的形狀形成零件。

In fact, nowadays when sheet metal processing some components, not only are various cold stamping methods commonly used in mechanical manufacturing applied, but also other forming methods are used. For example, rubber hydraulic forming mainly refers to filling high-pressure liquid into the rubber tire installed in the container, causing it to expand, and then pushing the raw material to form parts according to the shape of the mold tire.

還有另外一種的成型工藝方法叫做拉彎成形，在采用這種工藝方法來(lái)加工鈑金加工零件的時(shí)候，主要是先把型材毛料沿長(zhǎng)度方向拉伸屈服極限，然后保持拉力并使毛料按拉彎模的型面彎曲成形。這種工藝方法能夠提高零件的成形準(zhǔn)確度。

There is another forming process called tensile bending. When using this process to process sheet metal parts, the main method is to first stretch the raw material of the profile along the length direction to the yield limit, then maintain the tension and bend the raw material according to the surface of the tensile bending die. This process method can improve the forming accuracy of parts.